M43.1 – Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply by AC/DC Practice Test

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• Which of the following factors can increase aggregate demand?
• What is one potential impact of a recessionary gap on employment levels?
• What occurs when the aggregate price level decreases?
• How do changes in foreign income levels affect net exports?
• What happens when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply?
• In an inflationary gap, the real GDP is greater than what level?
• Changes in international trade primarily influence aggregate demand through:
• Which of the following is NOT a component of aggregate demand?
• Which of the following describes the total output in the economy?
• What can lead to an outward shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve?
• What typically characterizes an economy in a recessionary gap?
• In terms of economic output, what happens if resource costs rise significantly?
• When both short-run aggregate supply and aggregate demand increase, what is the likely conclusion?
• What can cause the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift to the left?
• Which of the following represents an outcome of improved resource availability?
• What typically occurs when aggregate demand increases while aggregate supply remains constant?
• How can demographic changes affect consumption habits and aggregate demand?
• What occurs when both the price level and real GDP rise simultaneously?
• Which of the following is an impact of high interest rates?
• What happens to interest rates when the price level increases?
• What typically happens when consumer confidence is high?
• What does the economy experience when aggregate demand decreases or shifts to the left?
• Which of the following can lead to a reduction in aggregate demand?
• What does aggregate demand represent in an economy?
• What does a recessionary gap in the AD-AS model signify?
• What phase of production does the upward sloping aggregate supply curve represent?
• What is the primary goal of expansionary fiscal policy?
• How does globalization typically influence aggregate supply?
• Which actions can be taken to help overcome a recession?
• What is the significance of the multiplier effect in relation to aggregate demand?
• What is the relationship between the price level and aggregate demand?
• What role does fiscal stimulus play during a recession regarding aggregate demand?
• Which of the following can cause a rightward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• How does expansionary monetary policy influence aggregate demand?
• How does fiscal policy directly affect aggregate demand?
• Why is the aggregate demand curve inversely related to the price level?
• What economic condition is indicated when the price level rises while real GDP decreases?
• Which of the following best describes the role of businesses in aggregate demand?
• What role does consumer confidence play in aggregate demand?
• What is the purpose of the Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand model?
• What happens to short-run aggregate supply when employers face higher nominal wages?
• How do short-run and long-run aggregate supply differ?
• Why is the long-run aggregate supply curve considered vertical?
• How does improved technology affect the aggregate supply?
• How do changes in interest rates affect aggregate demand?
• When the economy returns to full-employment GDP after an increase in aggregate demand, what must occur with other resource costs?
• In a scenario of rising wages due to increased aggregate demand, what is likely to happen to production costs?
• An inflationary gap is characterized by what situation in the economy?
• Price expectations can shift aggregate supply to the right when businesses:
• What occurs when the price level rises, regarding producers and output?
• What defines the equilibrium level of output in the AD-AS model?
• What distinguishes demand-pull inflation from cost-push inflation?
• What does the term "crowding out" refer to?
• What happens to the economy when aggregate demand increases in the long run?
• What role does education play in shifting the long-run aggregate supply curve?
• What is represented on the horizontal axis of the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model?
• Which factor is most impacted by an increase in interest rates?
• What happens to aggregate supply with a significant increase in immigration?
• How does central bank intervention in the money supply typically influence aggregate demand?
• According to the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model, what happens in a recessionary gap?
• What is a potential consequence of high consumer confidence on the economy?
• What is considered the worst economic scenario for a nation?
• What effect do technological improvements have on labor productivity?
• What is the typical outcome on aggregate demand when consumer confidence declines?
• What can a decrease in input prices result in regarding aggregate supply?
• Which of the following factors contributes to a shift in short-run aggregate supply?
• In terms of aggregate supply, an expectation of higher future prices typically leads firms to:
• In the long-run, if aggregate demand falls, how can the economy return to the full-employment level of GDP?
• What is one impact of inflation on aggregate demand?
• What is a key characteristic of an economy experiencing a recessionary gap?
• What occurs when the economy is at long-run equilibrium?
• What are net exports?
• When interest rates are low, what typically happens to consumer spending?
• What is the effect of increased business confidence on aggregate demand?
• In the short run, how does inflation affect real GDP?
• What effect does an increase in government spending have on aggregate demand?
• What does Okun's Law describe?
• In the long run, what causes the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift left after an increase in aggregate demand?
• In which situation might aggregate supply decrease?
• What impact does increased government spending have on aggregate demand?
• How does increased government spending affect aggregate demand?
• What is a key component of aggregate demand?
• What is meant by the term "output gap"?
• What is a likely economic result of increased government spending?
• What happens to employment levels in an inflationary gap?
• Which type of policy might negatively affect long-run aggregate supply?
• Widespread fear of a recession is likely to have which effect on aggregate demand?
• What can cause the aggregate supply curve to shift?
• How might inflation expectations influence wage negotiations?
• What is labeled on the vertical axis in the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model?
• Which of the following can lead to a leftward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• What is monetary policy aimed at?
• What is the likely relationship between wage increases and short-run aggregate supply?
• After all adjustments have been made, the economy tends to return to which curve?
• According to economic theory, how are wages and resource costs described in the long run?
• What is a likely result of increased wage demands driven by inflation expectations?
• What can cause an increase in aggregate supply in the long run?
• What effect does increased consumer spending typically have on aggregate demand?
• What is the difference between short-run and long-run aggregate supply?
• How does a strong domestic currency affect exports?
• What is the relationship between the labor market and aggregate supply?
• How do resources becoming more expensive affect aggregate supply?
• What is an output gap?
• During inflationary periods, what is likely to decrease?
• What does consumption refer to in the context of aggregate demand?
• What is aggregate supply?
• Which of the following can lead to cost-push inflation?
• How do supply-side policies affect aggregate supply?
• What does a recessionary gap indicate about an economy?
• What is defined as macreconomic equilibrium?
• How do subsidies impact aggregate supply?
• What is the effect on interest rates when the price level decreases?
• What outcome does a rise in imports have on net exports?
• In the context of aggregate demand and supply, what does 'equilibrium' mean?
• What is the effect of higher productivity on aggregate supply?
• According to the wealth effect, what happens to household purchasing power when the price level increases?
• The relationship between price levels and aggregate demand is typically shown as what type of curve?
• What influence can expectations of future inflation have on spending behavior?
• What happens to prices in a recessionary gap?
• Which of the following can potentially enhance workforce education?
• What does potential GDP signify in an economy?
• What is the relationship between aggregate demand and wages in the long run?
• How do wages and resource costs behave in the long run compared to the short run?
• What does stagflation describe?
• When the incomes of a major trading partner increase, what effect does it have on aggregate demand in the U.S.?
• What typically characterizes the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• How do external shocks typically affect aggregate supply?
• According to the wealth effect, what occurs when the price level decreases?
• What can be inferred about the relationship between inflation and output in the short run?
• How does investment influence aggregate demand?
• Recessionary gaps occur when the actual level of real GDP is:
• How can a decrease in taxes impact aggregate demand?
• What effect does higher taxation have on aggregate demand?
• What is cost-push inflation primarily driven by?
• Which situation results in a leftward shift of the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• What is the key role of monetary policy in influencing aggregate demand?
• How do increased wages generally affect aggregate supply?
• What is the consequence of an increased labor force on the long-run aggregate supply curve?
• What role does the exchange rate play in aggregate demand?
• How do expectations about future prices affect aggregate supply?
• What does the short-run Phillips curve illustrate?
• What type of changes does fiscal policy involve to affect aggregate demand?
• What is the primary factor that influences the long-run aggregate supply?
• What relationship does the Phillips curve illustrate?
• What is the outcome of an increase in aggregate demand if wages are not flexible?
• In the short-run, what are wages and other resource costs such as rent and raw materials typically considered?
• What is likely to happen as a result of an outward shift in long-run aggregate supply?
• What is the concept of full employment in relation to aggregate supply?
• How does capacity utilization relate to aggregate supply?
• What could be the ultimate impact on the economy if wage demands consistently exceed productivity improvements?
• What impact does a decline in the supply of resources typically have on the economy?
• Which factor is less likely to impact long-run aggregate supply?
• What is meant by the natural rate of unemployment?
• What economic situation arises when both aggregate demand and real GDP decrease?
• A significant boom in the stock market is likely to have which of the following effects?
• Which economic indicators are important for assessing aggregate demand and supply?
• What occurs when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply?
• How does the aggregate demand curve typically slope?
• How does a movement down and to the left along the short-run aggregate supply curve occur?
• When aggregate demand increases or shifts to the right, what is the resulting economic condition?
• What does the multiplier effect in economics refer to?
• When the economy is in an inflationary gap, what will ultimately happen according to the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model?
• How does an increase in consumer confidence affect aggregate demand?
• What is the impact of technological innovation on aggregate supply?
• What does the AD-AS model help illustrate?
• What does aggregate supply represent?
• What is likely to happen if interest rates are lowered?
• Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to long-run aggregate supply growth?
• How does the concept of full employment relate to aggregate supply?
• The equilibrium of national output is determined by:
• When will producers generally decide to produce more output?
• What impact does an increase in government spending have on aggregate demand?
• What effect does increasing productivity have on the long-run aggregate supply curve?
• What is the likely impact of rising interest rates on aggregate demand?
• What consequence does increased aggregate supply typically have?
• What will happen if actual output is persistently below potential output?
• In the short-run, resource costs such as wages and rent are generally:
• How do taxes affect consumer spending in relation to aggregate demand?
• What typically happens during a recession regarding aggregate demand and supply?
• What occurs when wages and other resource costs increase due to an increase in aggregate demand?
• How can regulatory changes affect aggregate supply?
• What is a direct implication of the Wealth effect on aggregate demand?
• In the long run, what is the relationship of the price level to total aggregate output?
• What overall effect do increases in technology have on the economy?
• What does an increase in short-run aggregate supply likely indicate about production conditions?
• When will the economy be able to maintain its full-employment level of GDP?
• What effect does a rising price level have on producers and real GDP?
• What factors can cause a shift in the aggregate demand curve?
• When workers' wages and other resource costs such as rent increase, what happens to the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• The outward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve is best represented by what economic condition?
• What would cause a leftward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• What is a supply shock?
• What is the relationship between aggregate supply and the price level?
• What is a key characteristic of the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• What is aggregate demand?
• How can a recession impact aggregate demand?
• Inflationary gaps occur when the actual level of real GDP is:
• How does the labor market affect aggregate supply?
• How does consumer wealth influence aggregate demand?
• A decrease in corporate taxes that producers must pay will have which of the following effects?
• What impact does a significant increase in nominal wages have on short-run aggregate supply?
• What is the main implication of a recessionary gap for policymakers?
• If long-run aggregate supply represents the economy's potential output, what condition must be met in the long-run?
• What is a necessary condition for the economy to achieve full-employment GDP?
• Which effects contribute to the inverse relationship of the aggregate demand curve to the price level?
• What does full employment signify for economic policy?
• In the context of aggregate demand and supply, what is the primary function of wages?
• What is stagflation characterized by?
• What is the effect of tariffs on aggregate demand?
• What is the relationship between the overall price level and the quantity of goods demanded as shown in the aggregate demand curve?
• What does a leftward shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve typically indicate?
• What impact do rising oil prices generally have on aggregate supply?
• The long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) intersects the horizontal axis at:
• Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to long-run aggregate supply shifts?
• What happens when consumer expectations are negatively affected?
• How does fiscal policy impact aggregate demand?
• If employees anticipate a rise in price levels, how might this expectation affect short-run aggregate supply?
• What does aggregate demand represent in an economy?
• When inflation expectations rise, what happens to consumers’ purchasing behavior?
• An increase in the price level will result in what movement along the aggregate demand curve?
• How are government transfers like Social Security treated in GDP calculations?
• Which of the following could decrease aggregate demand?
• How do expectations of future economic conditions influence aggregate demand?
• What might happen if workers successfully negotiate higher wages based on their inflation expectations?
• In the context of the AD-AS model, what does a higher than expected inflation rate likely indicate?
• What does government spending contribute to?
• When workers' wages and other resource costs decrease, what happens to the short-run aggregate supply curve?
• What effect does a decrease in consumer confidence typically have on aggregate demand?
• What are potential consequences of sustained high inflation in the economy?
• What is a common economic effect of underutilization of resources in a recessionary gap situation?
• How can fiscal policy affect aggregate demand?
• Which statement accurately describes the aggregate demand curve?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of aggregate demand?
• Technological advancements primarily affect aggregate supply by:
• What overall outcome is associated with a significant rise in aggregate demand?
• What effect does an increase in resources have on the long-run aggregate supply curve?
• When does the long-run aggregate supply curve shift to the left?
• What happens to aggregate demand with a decrease in government spending?
• Which aspect is essential for a sustained increase in long-run aggregate supply?
• How do positive changes in consumer expectations influence aggregate demand?
• What is demand-pull inflation?
• When the price level declines while real GDP rises, what is the likely cause?
• Which economic scenario represents the concept of an inflationary gap?
• What factors can shift the aggregate demand curve?
• What can cause the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift?
• What effect can natural disasters have on aggregate supply?
• How can consumer expectations influence aggregate demand?
• What effect does an increase in physical capital have on short-run aggregate supply?
• How can fiscal policy be implemented to stimulate the economy?
• What does the aggregate supply curve represent?
• Which of the following can shift the aggregate supply curve to the left?
• How do external shocks typically manifest in the economy?
• In a recession, which effect is most likely on aggregate demand?
• Which components make up aggregate demand?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of aggregate demand?