Which factor is less likely to impact long-run aggregate supply?

The long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) reflects the economy's potential output when all resources are fully employed, focusing on factors that can affect this capacity over time. Among the factors listed, inflation rates are less likely to impact long-run aggregate supply directly.

Inflation rates typically influence the aggregate demand curve more significantly than the long-run supply curve. Short-term fluctuations in inflation can affect prices and demand, but they do not alter the fundamental productive capacity of the economy. This productive capacity is primarily influenced by elements like technological advancements, the quality of the labor force, and institutional changes, which can improve efficiency and productivity over the long term.

For instance, improvements in technology can lead to more efficient production processes, while a better-educated or trained workforce enhances labor productivity. Institutional changes could also create a more favorable environment for businesses, encouraging investment and innovation. In contrast, inflation is more a symptom of demand pressures in the economy rather than a determinant of long-term productive capacity, making it less relevant to shifts in long-run aggregate supply.